The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has given in-principle approval to Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation (SMBC) of Japan to set up a wholly-owned subsidiary (WOS) in India. The move marks a significant expansion of SMBC’s footprint in the country and underlines India’s growing importance in global banking and finance.
At present, SMBC operates in India through branch offices in Mumbai, New Delhi, Chennai and Bengaluru. With the RBI’s approval, these branches will be converted into a locally incorporated subsidiary. Once the bank fulfils all regulatory conditions laid down by the central bank, it will receive a formal licence under the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 to begin operations as an Indian entity.
A wholly-owned subsidiary structure offers several advantages over the branch model. As a locally incorporated bank, SMBC will be able to expand its branch network more freely, offer a wider range of services and operate on terms similar to domestic banks. The subsidiary will have its own capital base and governance framework, with its finances ring-fenced from the parent bank in Japan. This structure also gives the RBI stronger regulatory oversight and helps enhance financial stability.
The approval is especially significant in the context of SMBC’s investment in Yes Bank. In 2025, the Japanese lender acquired about 24.22 per cent stake in Yes Bank, becoming its largest shareholder. While the new subsidiary will operate independently, the development is expected to strengthen SMBC’s ability to support Indian corporates, multinational companies and cross-border business, potentially benefiting partnerships and collaborations within the Indian banking system.
SMBC is one of Japan’s largest financial institutions and has been active in India for over a decade, focusing mainly on corporate banking, project finance and trade finance. The new subsidiary is expected to deepen its engagement with India’s fast-growing economy, particularly in infrastructure, manufacturing, clean energy and international trade.
The RBI’s decision reflects its broader policy of allowing foreign banks to choose between branch operations and wholly-owned subsidiaries, while ensuring strong regulation and local accountability. As India’s banking sector continues to expand, the move is likely to encourage more long-term foreign investment and competition, strengthening the overall financial ecosystem.
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