Author: Staff Writer

Edtech unicorn PhysicsWallah (PW) has filed an updated Draft Red Herring Prospectus (DRHP) with the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) to raise ₹3,820 crore through an initial public offering (IPO). The offering will include a fresh issue of shares worth ₹3,100 crore and an offer for sale (OFS) of ₹720 crore, according to regulatory filings.

The OFS will see the company’s co-founders, Alakh Pandey and Prateek Maheshwari, each selling shares worth ₹360 crore. The IPO filing marks a significant step for the company, which had earlier submitted its DRHP through the confidential pre-filing route. SEBI approved the filing on July 18, 2025, allowing the company to move forward with the public process.

PhysicsWallah intends to use a substantial portion of the IPO proceeds to expand its hybrid and offline learning infrastructure. The updated DRHP shows that ₹460 crore has been allocated for the establishment of new centers, while ₹548 crore will be used for lease payments on existing facilities. Additionally, ₹470 crore is earmarked for investments in its subsidiaries, including Xylem Learning and Utkarsh Classes, as well as for acquisitions.

The company plans to spend ₹200 crore on enhancing server and cloud infrastructure and another ₹710 crore on marketing and brand awareness. These allocations reflect a strategic push to strengthen the company’s operational scale and visibility in the increasingly competitive edtech space.

PhysicsWallah’s financial performance in FY25 shows a strong growth trajectory. The company reported a 97% year-on-year increase in revenue, rising from ₹1,940 crore in FY24 to ₹2,886 crore in FY25. At the same time, net losses dropped sharply from ₹1,131 crore in FY24 to ₹243 crore in FY25. The number of offline centers increased rapidly, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 166% between FY23 and FY25.

On the digital front, the company has built a massive following. Its flagship YouTube channel, “Physics Wallah – Alakh Pandey,” had 13.7 million subscribers as of mid-July 2025, while the broader PW YouTube network reached 98.8 million subscribers by June 30, 2025. The company has positioned itself as a leading player in low-cost, high-reach educational content, particularly in tier-2 and tier-3 cities.

This IPO is among the most anticipated listings in India’s startup ecosystem this year, as it would mark the first public offering by an Indian edtech company.

Tesla’s board has proposed an unprecedented compensation package for CEO Elon Musk that could be worth up to $1 trillion over the next decade, setting the stage for one of the most consequential shareholder votes in corporate history.

The plan, disclosed in a regulatory filing, would award Musk as much as 12 percent of Tesla’s outstanding stock if the company meets a series of ambitious operational and financial milestones. These include boosting Tesla’s annual production to 20 million vehicles, deploying one million robotaxis and one million humanoid robots, and securing 10 million active Full Self-Driving subscriptions. The company’s market capitalization would need to climb from about $1.1 trillion today to $8.5 trillion within ten years for Musk to realize the full payout.

The package also requires Musk to remain with Tesla for at least seven and a half years, with a succession plan for future leadership tied to the later stages of the award. The board, led by chair Robyn Denholm, argued that the proposal was essential to keep Musk focused on Tesla as it pushes deeper into artificial intelligence, robotics and autonomous driving.

Investors reacted positively to the announcement, sending Tesla shares up more than three percent. The proposal comes as the company continues to navigate intense competition in the electric vehicle market while seeking to expand its business model into new technologies.

The timing of the deal has raised questions. Earlier this year, a Delaware court struck down Musk’s $50 billion compensation plan from 2018, ruling that Tesla’s board lacked independence in approving it. The company has appealed the decision, and only last month granted Musk an interim equity award valued at nearly $24 billion.

Critics have already voiced concerns about governance, dilution of shareholder value and the concentration of power in Musk’s hands. Supporters, however, argue that the scale of the award reflects the scale of the challenge Tesla has set for itself.

Shareholders will vote on the proposal at Tesla’s annual meeting on November 6. If approved, the package would represent the largest executive pay deal in corporate history.

Sequent Scientific Ltd., a leading global animal health company, and Hyderabad-based Viyash Life Sciences have received overwhelming shareholder approval for their proposed merger valued at around ₹8,000 crore. This strategic union is poised to create a stronger, integrated pharmaceutical and animal health entity with a significant global footprint.

The merger plan was approved by an overwhelming 99.98% of Sequent’s public shareholders on August 30, 2025. In addition to shareholder consent, the companies have received all necessary regulatory clearances from the National Stock Exchange (NSE) and Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE). The firms have now initiated the next step by filing for final approval with the National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT).

Under the merger terms, Viyash shareholders will receive 56 shares of Sequent for every 100 shares held. This will increase Sequent’s total share capital from 240 million to approximately 428 million shares. The promoter and promoter group’s stake in the merged entity will stand at roughly 62.4%.

The merger combines Sequent’s expertise in animal health with Viyash’s strengths in human healthcare, creating a diversified pharmaceutical powerhouse. The consolidated company will operate 15 to 16 manufacturing facilities, including nine approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (USFDA). This expansion is expected to result in a five-fold increase in research and development (R&D) talent and a nine-fold boost in USFDA-approved manufacturing capacity.

Industry experts believe this merger will significantly enhance Sequent’s financial profile, improving profitability and strengthening its competitive position in the global pharmaceutical market. The combined entity plans to leverage synergies across manufacturing, R&D, and market presence to drive innovation and growth.

With this merger, Sequent and Viyash are set to become key players in the global animal health and pharmaceutical sectors, unlocking new opportunities for innovation and expansion.

New Delhi: India faces an economic crisis after former U.S. President Donald Trump imposed devastating 50% tariffs on Indian imports, triggering market chaos and threatening millions of jobs.

The punitive measures arrived in two phases: a 26% "reciprocal tariff" targeting India's trade surplus, followed by an additional 25% penalty against New Delhi's energy cooperation with Russia. This 50% tariff wall, effective August 27, represents the most severe trade action against India in decades.

Markets in Turmoil

Indian equity markets opened in freefall Thursday, with the Sensex crashing nearly 500 points to 76,118 and the Nifty 50 plummeting 125 points to 23,207. Despite some recovery, both indices closed in the red—Sensex down 322 points at 76,295 and Nifty 50 ending 82 points lower at 23,250.

The technology sector suffered the heaviest casualties, with Nifty IT collapsing 4.2%. Giants like Infosys, TCS, and Wipro saw valuations decimated as investors fled U.S.-exposed stocks. Automobile manufacturers, including Tata Motors and Mahindra & Mahindra, also faced significant losses. However, pharmaceuticals surged 2.25% due to selective exemptions, while PSU banks gained 1.9% as investors sought defensive positioning.

The tariffs target India's export backbone, such as textiles, gems, garments, seafood, auto components, and chemicals, industries employing millions. Industry associations project catastrophic losses: up to $40 billion in export losses by fiscal 2026, over 10 million jobs at risk, and GDP growth reduction of nearly one percentage point.

From Surat's diamond workshops to Banaras' silk looms, industrial hubs report immediate order cancellations. "This isn't policy adjustment, it's economic warfare against Indian industry," declared a Ludhiana textile exporter.

Government Response

Prime Minister Modi convened emergency meetings as his administration formulated responses. The Commerce Ministry outlined export market diversification through accelerated free trade agreements with the UK, Australia, and the UAE, plus targeted fiscal support for affected industries.

Diplomatically, sources confirm Modi is preparing a China visit, signaling a potential geopolitical pivot toward BRICS partnerships. White House officials indicated tariffs could drop to 25% if India ends discounted Russian oil purchases, revealing energy politics as the dispute's core. As global markets turn risk-averse, India faces a critical test of its economic resilience and strategic flexibility in an increasingly polarized world.

The government is expected to announce detailed support measures for affected exporters by week's end, while diplomatic channels remain active to prevent further escalation of the trade dispute.

Fort Worth, Texas: In a sharp escalation of Silicon Valley’s tech wars, Elon Musk’s AI startup xAI, together with his social media platform X, has filed a sweeping antitrust lawsuit against Apple and OpenAI. The suit accuses the two companies of conspiring to dominate both the generative AI and smartphone markets by engaging in unfair competitive practices.

Filed in a federal court in Fort Worth, Texas, the case alleges that Apple and OpenAI are deliberately working to stifle competition in the AI space—specifically targeting Musk’s Grok chatbot and related services integrated with X.

The lawsuit accuses Apple and OpenAI of conspiring to:

• Monopolize the generative AI chatbot market, using Apple’s ecosystem dominance to promote OpenAI’s ChatGPT over competing platforms;
   
• Manipulate App Store rankings to disadvantage xAI’s Grok and the X app, blocking them from appearing in “Must-Have Apps” and other featured categories despite strong user metrics;
   
• Restrict consumer choice by embedding ChatGPT within Apple’s new AI suite, Apple Intelligence, without offering equal integration opportunities to competitors.
   

xAI is seeking billions of dollars in damages and a court order to halt what it describes as “anticompetitive behavior.”

Musk’s AI Offensive

The lawsuit marks the latest move in Musk’s increasingly aggressive campaign against OpenAI, a company he co-founded in 2015 but has since sued separately for what he claims is a betrayal of its non-profit mission.

xAI, launched in 2023, has positioned Grok as a direct competitor to ChatGPT. Integrated across X and Tesla vehicles, Grok aims to offer a real-time, humor-infused alternative to traditional chatbots. Musk has complained that despite its popularity, Apple is actively obstructing its visibility through App Store design and algorithmic bias.

“Apple is gatekeeping innovation and giving preferential treatment to OpenAI,” Musk said in a post on X earlier this month, calling it “a direct assault on fair competition and consumer freedom.”

Reactions from Apple and OpenAI

After Musk’s threat to sue Apple, OpenAI CEO Sam Altman responded sharply, stating, “This is a remarkable claim considering the allegations I’ve heard about Elon manipulating X to benefit his own interests while disadvantaging competitors and critics.”

An Apple spokesperson maintained that the App Store is designed to be “fair and free of bias,” highlighting that it features “thousands of apps” evaluated through a variety of signals. The company emphasized that its editorial and algorithmic systems prioritize user safety, functionality, and engagement—not the manipulation of rankings to favor corporate partnerships.

In a counterclaim, OpenAI has accused Musk and xAI of engaging in “harassment” through persistent litigation, public attacks on social media and in the press, and a “sham bid” to acquire the ChatGPT-maker for $97.4 billion—an attempt allegedly aimed at damaging the company’s business relationships.

Broader Implications

The case comes at a time when Apple is already facing legal scrutiny in the U.S., Europe, and India over its App Store dominance. The latest complaint could add pressure from regulators examining whether Big Tech platforms are unfairly shaping access to emerging AI tools.

India Today and Hindustan Times have described the lawsuit as a significant moment in the global AI race, pointing out that Grok’s absence from prominent App Store feature sections may reveal broader systemic issues in platform gatekeeping.

Should the lawsuit prevail, it could compel Apple to reassess how it curates AI applications, potentially opening the market to greater competition in the generative AI sector. At the very least, the case guarantees an extended legal confrontation involving three of the most powerful companies in technology.

Indian equity markets extended losses on Tuesday, August 26, 2025, as investors turned cautious ahead of a steep increase in U.S. tariffs on Indian exports set to take effect on August 27. At 11:01 a.m. IST, the BSE Sensex was down around 600 points at 81,031, while the NSE Nifty 50 shed nearly 180 points to trade just below 24,800. The losses were broad-based, with banks, metals and pharmaceuticals among the worst-hit sectors, and mid- and small-cap indices also slipping about one percent each, reflecting a cautious mood across the market.

The downturn came as the U.S. administration followed through on plans to raise tariffs on Indian goods from 25 percent to 50 percent, citing New Delhi’s continued purchases of Russian oil. The move, announced earlier this month, has heightened concerns about trade frictions and the potential earnings impact on exporters. The tariff announcement weighed heavily on market sentiment, erasing most of the gains made in August and adding to a series of headwinds facing investors, including foreign institutional investor (FII) selling, rupee weakness, a global equity slump and firm crude oil prices.

Analysts noted that despite the sell-off, the correction is unlikely to deepen significantly in the absence of major domestic triggers. Pankaj Pandey, head of retail research at ICICI Securities, observed that the market reaction, while sharp, was largely a reflection of sentiment and not a surprise event and that they do not expect deeper correction from hereon. Market watchers highlighted that robust domestic institutional investor inflows and steady liquidity have been key drivers of resilience, offsetting persistent FII outflows and keeping valuations elevated.

Among notable stocks, Reliance Industries, which carries significant weight on the Nifty, slipped around one percent despite UBS resuming coverage on the stock with a “buy” rating and a price target of ₹1,750, implying a 24 percent upside from Monday’s close. Titan also traded lower, in line with the weak market mood, even as Bernstein initiated coverage with an “outperform” rating and a target price of ₹4,200, citing its strong long-term growth prospects and leadership in India’s jewellery and lifestyle sectors. Sai Life Sciences fell as much as four percent after reports that TPG Asia had offloaded its entire 15.2 percent stake in the Hyderabad-based company through block deals worth nearly ₹2,810 crore. On the upside, consumer goods stocks outperformed the market, with modest gains of around 0.3 percent, reflecting their defensive nature amid broader volatility.

From a technical perspective, analysts said the Nifty’s immediate support level at 24,800 remains crucial. Sustaining above this threshold could limit further downside, while a decisive break below it could trigger deeper corrections. The index has been consolidating between a swing high of 25,150 and a swing low of 24,850, a range that reflects muted directional strength. Renewed call writing at higher strikes and sustained put additions suggest a continuation of sideways trade unless there is a breakout above 25,150 or a breakdown below 24,800. In this environment, a “sell-on-rise” strategy is seen as prudent, with traders watching tariff developments closely ahead of the August 27 implementation.

Tuesday’s losses marked a sharp reversal from last week’s positive momentum, which saw the Nifty briefly breach the 24,950 level and the Sensex notch a gain of over 300 points on hopes of a U.S. interest rate cut. However, global volatility, geopolitical uncertainty, and trade tensions have re-emerged as dominant themes, tempering investor appetite for risk. Analysts believe domestic markets are likely to remain volatile but supported by structural liquidity flows, which could prevent a steep downturn despite heightened near-term uncertainty.

With the U.S. tariff increase just a day away, markets are expected to see choppy sessions in the near term, with traders awaiting clarity on trade negotiations and the broader global macroeconomic outlook. The Supreme Court’s upcoming hearing schedules, the rupee’s trajectory, and crude oil price movements will also remain on investors’ radar as they navigate a volatile week.

San Francisco-based analytics firm Databricks has secured a valuation of more than $100 billion in its latest funding round, marking a 61% jump from less than a year ago and underscoring the surging investor appetite for artificial intelligence (AI) startups. The company said on Tuesday it has signed a term sheet for a Series K round, though it did not disclose the total amount being raised.

The fresh milestone highlights not only the market’s confidence in Databricks’ long-term prospects, but also the concentration of capital around a select group of firms seen as leaders in foundational AI and data infrastructure. “This valuation level indicates a concentration of late-stage capital into companies identified as market leaders in foundational technology sectors,” noted Derek Hernandez, senior research analyst at PitchBook.

From $62 Billion to $100 Billion in Under a Year

Databricks’ rapid valuation leap comes less than 12 months after it raised $10 billion in one of the largest venture capital funding rounds in history. That round, which valued the company at $62 billion, was hailed as a signal of investor conviction in platforms that enable enterprise AI adoption.

The company, founded in 2013 by the creators of Apache Spark at the University of California, Berkeley, provides a unified analytics and AI platform that helps businesses integrate data engineering, machine learning, and collaborative AI model development. Over the years, it has become central to the enterprise AI ecosystem, positioning itself as a rival to other cloud data giants like Snowflake.

Today, Databricks serves around 15,000 customers globally, including major names such as payments company Block, energy major Shell, and electric vehicle maker Rivian. The firm employs roughly 8,000 people worldwide.

The AI Rush and Corporate Demand

Databricks said it expects to use a portion of the latest funds for product development and to fuel acquisitions in the AI segment. As companies and governments worldwide scramble to harness efficiencies from AI, demand for enterprise-grade infrastructure that can manage data securely and at scale has intensified.

“AI hallucinations are hard to remove completely,” Naveen Rao, Vice President of AI at Databricks, recently remarked, highlighting the need for robust tools to manage generative AI’s unpredictability. The company is betting that corporations will continue to seek enterprise-focused AI systems that offer reliability alongside innovation.

Investors See Big Market, Durable Advantage

According to PitchBook’s Hernandez, the investor logic is simple: “The total addressable market will be large enough to support multiple high-value companies, and Databricks will maintain a durable competitive advantage.”

Analysts point to Databricks’ hybrid focus on both data and AI as key to its strength. Unlike pure AI players, it offers a full-stack ecosystem that integrates data storage, cleaning, and model training, making it an essential partner for large enterprises.

Its closest rival, Snowflake, has a current market capitalization of around $66 billion, which suggests investors see Databricks’ growth trajectory as even more ambitious.

A Shift in Startup Financing

The rise of Databricks also reflects broader shifts in startup financing. Traditionally, firms approaching valuations above $10 billion would look to tap public markets through an initial public offering (IPO). But in recent years, many companies have chosen to stay private longer, partly due to higher interest rates and unpredictable public market conditions.

“What used to be a pre-IPO round is now often Series G or later, and the capital coming in is frequently functioning like public equity, just without the public oversight,” said Chris Lawrence, founder and managing partner of Labyrinth Capital Partners.

Key Players at a Glance

• Databricks: AI and data analytics firm founded in 2013, now valued at over $100 billion. Customers include Block, Shell, and Rivian.
• Snowflake: Cloud-based data warehousing company with a market capitalization of about $66 billion; a key rival to Databricks.
• OpenAI: Developer of ChatGPT, reportedly in talks for an employee share sale valuing it at around $500 billion.
• SpaceX: Elon Musk’s space exploration firm, among the few other private companies with valuations north of $100 billion.

Private market investors, sitting on record levels of “dry powder” (unallocated capital), have been eager to deploy funds into late-stage winners like Databricks. The company’s valuation surge is part of a broader trend where late-stage venture financing increasingly mirrors the scale of public equity markets.

AI Leaders Attracting Unprecedented Capital

Databricks is not alone in commanding astronomical valuations. Earlier this month, reports suggested OpenAI, the maker of ChatGPT, was preparing to close an employee share sale valuing it at around $500 billion. The trend underscores how a handful of AI-focused companies are rapidly redefining startup valuation benchmarks.

For Databricks, the Series K round cements its position among the most valuable private technology firms globally, putting it in rarefied company alongside names like SpaceX and OpenAI.

As the AI gold rush accelerates, Databricks’ leap past $100 billion is less about a single company and more about the reshaping of venture capital itself—where late-stage startups can now command valuations once reserved for tech titans on Wall Street.