The United States has launched a sweeping trade investigation into solar cell imports from India, Indonesia, and Laos. This one move could bring a sign of major blow to India's solar exports, worth nearly $790 million in 2024.

The U.S. Commerce Department announced on Monday that it has opened both anti-dumping and countervailing duty (CVD) investigations into crystalline silicon photovoltaic cells, whether assembled into modules or not,  imported under tariff codes 8541.42.0010 and 8541.43.0010.

The move follows a formal petition by the Alliance for American Solar Manufacturing and Trade, a powerful lobby group representing domestic solar manufacturers, who argue that low-cost imports are undercutting U.S. industry.

What Happens Next

The case now heads to the U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC), which will assess whether imports from the three countries have caused material injury or pose a threat to U.S. manufacturers. A preliminary ruling is expected by September 2, 2025.

In case ITC finds any evidence of harm, the Commerce Department will proceed with a two-pronged investigation wherein the initial countervailing duty findings will be due by October 13, and anti-dumping findings expected by December 26.

Why This Matters

India, which exported nearly $790 million worth of solar cells and modules to the U.S. last year, stands to lose the most if duties are imposed. Indonesia and Laos, which exported $420 million and $340 million respectively, could also face sharp declines in access to the world’s second-largest solar market.

For Washington, the action reflects growing pressure to safeguard domestic solar manufacturing, which is a key pillar of former President Joe Biden’s clean energy agenda,  even as the country remains heavily reliant on imported components to meet its ambitious renewable energy targets.